During the last several decades science has shown that the development of biological sex is complex. It consists of the genotype, defined as the sex chromosomes of an individual and the phenotype, defined as the observed physical characteristics of an individual's sexual anatomy. The phenotype i...

During the last several decades science has shown that the development of biological sex is complex. It consists of the genotype, defined as the sex chromosomes of an individual and the phenotype, defined as the observed physical characteristics of an individual's sexual anatomy. The phenotype i...

Phyllis Leppert, Professor Emerita at Duke University and President of the Campion Fund, explores the biological complexity of sex differentiation. While traditionally viewed as a strict male-female binary, scientific research reveals that sex exists along a spectrum. Leopard explains how genetic...

Reproductive biologist Kathryn McClelland explores the complexities of how humans develop male and female characteristics. While traditional biology often teaches that XX and XY chromosomes determine sex, the reality is far more intricate. McLean explains the key developmental stages of sex diffe...

John Yarbrough shares his personal experience growing up as a transgender man in a time when gender identity was rarely discussed. Reflecting on childhood memories, struggles with depression, and years of self-discovery, he recounts the challenges and triumphs of his transition at the age of 58. ...

Biologist Joan Roughgarden examines gender and sexuality through a biological lens, addressing key concepts such as the definition of male and female based on gamete size, the prevalence of hermaphroditism in plants and animals, and the distinction between biological sex and gender expression. Th...

Philip Cato, a retired Episcopal priest and naval reserve chaplain, discusses the significance of approaching gender identity and gender formation through scientific inquiry rather than intuition alone. Drawing from philosophy, bioethics, and medical research, he examines how knowledge advances t...

Dr. Sarah Berga, a reproductive endocrinologist at the University of Utah, explores how hormones shape the brain and influence gender identity. Drawing from decades of research on neuroendocrinology and neurodiversity, she challenges the traditional binary model of male and female brains. Through...